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Home » Dependent personality disorder

Psychiatric Times. Vol. 29 No. 3
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VANGUARD ISSUES IN PSYCHIATRY 

Enlightenment and Dimmed Enlightenment

Psychiatrists, Cast Off Your Distrust of Faith

By Herman M. van Praag, MD, PhD | March 2, 2012
Dr Van Praag is Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at the universities of Groningen, Utrecht, and Maastricht, the Netherlands, and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York. He reports no conflicts of interest concerning the subject matter of this article.

Undeniably, the relationship of a religious person to God is one of dependency. For that reason, Freud qualified it as infantile and, thus, regressive. I disagree. Maturity and dependency are not opposites. A fully independent being—if such creatures exist at all—is a lonely being. No one is fully self-sufficient. Humankind consists of interdependent relationships, those that are complementary and reciprocal. The one fills up where the other has needs and vice versa.

Man’s relationship with God is one of co-dependency. For man, God is both guide and protector. God represents both the archetypical father figure and the archetypical mother figure. On the other hand, the concept of God is fulfilled by humans because God is unknown to other earthly creatures. “The human soul is God’s lamp,” states one of the Proverbs (20:27). If it were not for human beings, God would not exist. The religious believer is like a sculptor. The stone out of which the sculptor will create the work of art contains, as it were, the concept of that work of art, but it is still unformed, shapeless. The sculptor cuts the stone out, by which the unformed is formed and the concept becomes visible. In a similar way, man becomes aware of, gets in touch with, one might say: creates God.

(MORE: Are Animal Models Relevant in Modern Psychiatry?)

The relationship of man to God is one of reciprocal dependence. Hence, I consider this bond to be normal.

Religiosity enlightens life: it becomes lighter, less difficult. Moreover, it provides light, makes it easier to find purpose and meaning in life, so that at the end of the journey one can say: it all made sense. I made a difference. The God-effigy is certainly not the sole provider of meaning, but no doubt an important one.

In his essay “The Myth of Sisyphus,” Albert Camus considered the central question of philosophy to be whether life is worth living. To me, it is the central question for each and every human being: Without meaning or purpose or goals, life loses its lustre and one is left wondering if it makes sense to continue.

The above conclusion should be complemented with the important provisio that religiosity must come to fruition without coercion, without pressure from without. If religion is enforced and God is presented as a tyrannical, demanding, merciless authority, religiosity will be experienced as a straight jacket. In such cases, religiosity darkens rather than enlightens life.

The secularist is not convinced. He asks the faithful: “Do you really think that your metaphysical world is ‘real’? Is that world not a stubborn fabrication.” The faithful answers: “I don’t know whether that world is a reality. I don’t know, no one knows, no one will ever know. I don’t care. Your question is irrelevant. That world exists for me, in my subjective experiential world. For me that is enough. I don’t need any proof, other than what my experiential life provides me with.” The faithful is right, he has the capacity to create effigies and to imbue them with spiritual meaning. Religiosity is a quality completely outside the rational sphere. It is, above all faith, an experiential state with no need for proof.

Additional evidence

There is evidence that supports the notion that religiosity contributes to enlightenment. There are studies that show that religiosity is a normal component of the human personality, a normal feature of man’s experiential range. Its normal occurrence suggests it has a particular function, probably a useful function.

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by Ronald Pies | March 02, 2012 10:03 PM EST

I applaud Prof. van Praag for defending the realm of religious experience against the scientism that often attacks it, sometimes in the name of "science."And, I agree with Prof. van Praag that the psychiatrist
"... cannot, with impunity, disregard an important domain of man's personality makeup. He ought to remain a searcher of the soul at large."

In discussing these matters, I prefer the term "religious impulse" to "religiosity" (since the latter may connote "exaggerated or affected piety and religious zeal"); and, I prefer "arational" or "supra-rational" to "irrational" (which may connote "loss of usual or normal mental clarity; incoherent"). Thus, the religious impulse, which is "receptive to the concept of God" (as Prof. van Praag puts it), is marked neither by zealotry nor
loss of mental clarity; it simply represents the human spirit yearning to rise above and beyond itself.

Many great scientists, such as Isaac Newton, were deeply imbued with the religious impulse. In this regard, I am reminded of Einstein's famous dictum: "Science without religion is lame. Religion without science is blind."

Ref: Pies R. The anatomy of sorrow: a spiritual, phenomenological, and neurological perspective.
Philos Ethics Humanit Med. 2008 Jun 17;3:17

Also in this Special Report

Introduction: Controversies and Evolving Issues

Condemning Torture and Abuse: A Call to Action

A Delicate Brain: Ethical and Practical Considerations for the Use of Medications in Very Young Children

Who Was Karen Horney?

Antipsychotics for Behavioral Disturbance in Dementia? A Clinical Conundrum

Neuroscientific Mirages: Are We No More Than Our Brains?

Are Animal Models Relevant in Modern Psychiatry?

Enlightenment and Dimmed Enlightenment

VANGUARD ISSUES IN PSYCHIATRY

Introduction: Controversies and Evolving Issues

Condemning Torture and Abuse: A Call to Action

A Delicate Brain: Ethical and Practical Considerations for the Use of Medications in Very Young Children

Who Was Karen Horney?

Antipsychotics for Behavioral Disturbance in Dementia? A Clinical Conundrum

Enlightenment and Dimmed Enlightenment

Are Animal Models Relevant in Modern Psychiatry?






 
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