In both surveys, those women who were surrounded by family and friends who smoked were significantly more likely to experience all of the disturbances listed above, except for loud snoring/uncomfortable breathing, the authors reported.
They acknowledged that their study was limited by its cross-sectional design; reliance on self-report of sleep, alcohol and smoking; uncertainties about the truthfulness of responders, and the lack of questionnaire items on caffeine consumption or other factors that might have affected sleep quality.
| The study was supported by a health science grant from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. The authors reported that they had no conflicts of interest. |
Primary source: SLEEP
Source reference: Ohida T et al. "Is Passive Smoking Associated With Sleep Disturbance Among Pregnant Women?" Sleep 2007; 30(9): 1155-1161.
