"Another important aspect of treating insomnia is to know when referral to a sleep specialist is indicated," said Adams.

Among the indications are:

  • Insomnia persisting despite a reasonable trial of treatment.
  • Excessive daytime sleepiness that might endanger the patient or someone else.
  • Unpleasant sensations occur during the night.
  • The occurrence of restless legs, witnessed incidents of apnea.
  • Unintentional sleep episodes, loss of muscle tone or hallucinations occur during the day, accompanied by disturbed sleep at night.

The presentation was supported by an educational grant from Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc. Dr. Zee receives consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Neurocrine Biosciences, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Adams works with the Speakers Bureau of Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, Novartis, Genetech, and the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners.
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