Note: this diagnosis is not currently reimbursed by the health insurance companies.
Diagnostic criteria for PIISD include a history of exposure to a traumatic insurance-induced event meeting the following criteria and symptoms:
Criterion A. The person has been exposed to a traumatic insurance-induced event in which both of the following have been present:
• The person has experienced a health insurance traumatic event, due either to lack of access to health insurance or to failure of their health insurance to meet their health care needs. (NOTE: in the case of physicians/providers, the trauma is based on the inability to provide needed care to one’s patients, or doing so at one’s personal expense, [ie, free care and/or oppressive paperwork burdens].)
• The person’s traumatic response involved intense fear, helplessness, anger, and confusion and was caused by financial considerations that seriously complicate their (or their patient’s) medical treatment and recovery.
Criterion B. The traumatic event is persistently reexperienced in one (or more) of the following ways:
• Feelings of anger, frustration, and shame at the thought of one’s inability to access (or provide) needed care.
• Feelings of alienation from and abandonment by one’s countrymen and elected officials, precipitated by exposure to any form of corporate-controlled news media coverage of the health care crisis.
• Feelings of inadequacy, as an individual, as a family member, or as a physician/provider, due to the repeated inability to obtain needed care for oneself, one’s family member, or one’s patient.
• Avoidance of seeking, or providing, needed care due to fear of serious financial strain or even bankruptcy.
• Fear of an acute confusional state or other cognitive disorder following attempts to understand one’s EOBs (explanation of benefits).
Criterion C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general responsiveness, as indicated by 3 or more of the following:
• Efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations about anything related to health insurance or health care.
• Efforts to avoid interactions with physicians, hospitals, or health care centers that arouse recollection of the trauma. In the case of physicians, this includes efforts to avoid patients who are experiencing health insurance trauma.
• Markedly diminished interest or participation in any significant activities.
• Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others.
• Restricted range of affect (eg, unable to experience feelings of well-being).
• Sense of foreshortened future (eg, does not expect to have a career, marriage, children, or a normal life span). In the case of physicians, does not expect to remain in practice, anticipates early retirement or disability due to consequences of health insurance trauma.
Criterion D. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal, as indicated by 2 or more of the following:
• Difficulty in falling or staying asleep, due to intrusive thoughts about the health insurance trauma.
• Irritability or outbursts of anger. In the case of physicians, this often results in sanctions, possible loss of hospital privileges, and being labeled a “disruptive physician.” In the case of patients, it often results in suspiciousness directed at one’s physician, often being labeled a “difficult patient.”
• Difficulty in concentrating, resulting in functional impairment and further jeopardizing career, health, and sense of well-being.
• Hypervigilance, (eg, won’t let children play on playground equipment for fear of minor injury resulting in possible retraumatizing need to interact with one’s health insurance company).
Criterion E. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Specify if:
With bankruptcy
With home foreclosure
