Sleep Deprivation

AbstractObjective To evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioural-educational sleep intervention delivered in the early postpartum in improving maternal and infant sleep.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting Postpartum units of two university affiliated hospitals.Participants 246 primiparous women and their infants randomised while in hospital with an internet based randomisation service to intervention (n=123) or usual care (n=123) groups.Interventions The behavioural-educational sleep intervention i

AbstractObjective To determine whether there is an association between use of substances that contain caffeine and the risk of crash in long distance commercial vehicle drivers.Design Case-control study.Setting New South Wales (NSW) and Western Australia (WA), Australia.Participants 530 long distance drivers of commercial vehicles who were recently involved in a crash attended by police (cases) and 517 control drivers who had not had a crash while driving a commercial vehicle in the past 12 months.Main ou

Israeli doctors accused of collusion in torture. By - Sharmila Devi

AbstractObjective To evaluate the risk of narcolepsy in children and adolescents in England targeted for vaccination with ASO3 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 vaccine (Pandemrix) from October 2009.Design Retrospective analysis. Clinical information and results of sleep tests were extracted from hospital notes between August 2011 and February 2012 and reviewed by an expert panel to confirm the diagnosis. Vaccination and clinical histories were obtained from general practitioners.Setting Sleep centres and p

To curtail the spread of wildfire, firefighters are often required to work long hours in hot, smoky conditions with little rest between consecutive shifts. In isolation, heat, smoke, and sleep disruption can have a detrimental impact on cognitive and physical abilities. Far less is known, however, about the combined impact that heat, smoke, and sleep disruption can have on firefighters' performance during wildfire suppression or on human performance in general. The available literature, though scant, suggests that audio and visual tracking may be degraded after sustained heat exposure following one night of sleep deprivation. Exposure to heat and carbon monoxide, in contrast, appears to have only limited impact on cognitive performance, even after physical exercise. Heat and carbon monoxide exposure does, however, increase physiological exertion to a given work or exercise bout. To the authors' knowledge, there are no published studies that have explored the impacts of heat exposure

Obesity has become an epidemic in industrialized and developing countries. In 30 years, unless serious changes are made, a majority of adults and many children will be classified as overweight or obese. Whereas fatness alone endangers physiological performance of even simple tasks, the associated co-morbidity of obesity including metabolic syndrome in all its manifestations is a far more critical problem. If the current trend continues as predicted, health care systems may be incapable of handling the myriad of obesity-related diseases. The financial costs, including those due to medical procedures, absenteeism from work, and reduced economic productivity, will jeopardize the financial well-being of industries. The current review summarizes the potential contributions of three processes that may be contributing to humans becoming progressively more overweight: circadian or chronodisruption, sleep deficiency, and melatonin suppression. Based on the information provided in this survey,

Exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress (MS) and cold pressor test (CPT) has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent epidemiological studies identify sleep deprivation as an important risk factor for hypertension, yet the relations between sleep deprivation and cardiovascular reactivity remain equivocal. We hypothesized that 24-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) would augment cardiovascular reactivity to MS and CPT and blunt the MS-induced forearm vasodilation. Because the associations between TSD and hypertension appear to be stronger in women, a secondary aim was to probe for sex differences. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were recorded during MS and CPT in 28 young, healthy subjects (14 men and 14 women) after normal sleep (NS) and 24-h TSD (randomized, crossover design). Forearm vascular conductance (FVC) was recorded during MS. MAP, FVC, and MSNA (n = 10) responses to MS were not

To study the effects of a 29-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) on local cold tolerance, 10 healthy men immersed their right hand for 30 min in a 5C water bath (CWI) after a 30-min rest period in a thermoneutral environment (Control), after a normal night (NN) and after a 29-h TSD. CWI was followed by a 30-min passive rewarming (Recovery). Finger 2 and 4 skin temperatures (Tfi2, Tfi4) and finger 2 cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) were monitored to study cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD). Rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature ([Formula: see text]), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were also measured. Blood samples were collected at the end of the Control, at the lower and at the first maximal Tfi2 values during CWI and at Recovery. Tfi2, Tfi4 and CVC did not differ after TSD at Control, whereas they were reduced during CWI (-2.6 0.7C for Tfi2; -2 0.8C for Tfi4, -79 25% for relative CVC, P < 0.05) as during Recovery (-4.9 1.9C for Tfi2, -2.6

In opiate-dependent individuals, abstinence results in deficits in cognitive functioning, which may be exacerbated by medication-associated sleep disruption.|To assess cognitive function and the influence of sleep deprivation (SD), 14 healthy control (HC) and 22 methadone maintained (MM) participants completed the continuous performance task (CPT) after a baseline night, a night of total SD, and two recovery sleep nights. The digit symbol substitution task (DSST) was administered at bedtime and in the morning. Secondary analyses separated MM participants into short- (< 12 months; n=8) and long-term ( 12 months; n=14) treatment duration groups, and into low- (< 80 mg; n=9) and high-dose ( 80 mg; n=13) groups.|Linear mixed model ANOVAs revealed that there was no effect of SD. Across all days MM participants had more errors of omission, fewer correct responses, and slower reaction times (RTs) on the CPT, and fewer accurate substitutions on the evening and morning DSST. Short-term

Chair) Director Sleep Disorders Center Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, New York Bruce L. ... of life due to waking discomfort, chronic sleep deprivation, and stress.

LEP Are shift and on-call rota patterns designed so as to minimise the adverse effects of sleep deprivation?

Excessive sleepiness. In: Evidence-based geriatric nursing protocols for best practice.