Substance Abuse Detection

Substance Abuse/ Alcoholism. ... Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program ( NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults ( Adult Treatment Panel III).

Archives of General Psychiatry, a monthly professional medical journal published by the American Medical Association, publishes original, peer-reviewed articles about psychiatry and related fields

Introduction to the December 2011 issue of Virtual Mentor on the power of diagnosis. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.|Introduction to the December 2011 issue of Virtual Mentor on the power of diagnosis.

Background: Recent studies consistently reported Alzheimers disease (AD) and, to a lower extent, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to be accompanied by reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of -amyloid. However, how these changes are related to brain morphological alterations is so far only partly understood. Methods: CSF levels of -amyloid (142) were examined with respect to cerebral atrophy in 23 subjects with MCI, 16 patients with mild-to-moderateAlzheimers disease (AD) and

Polypharmacy (the concurrent use of more than one psychoactive drug) and other combination interventions are increasingly common for treatment of severe psychiatric problems only partly responsive to monotherapy. This practice and research on it raise scientific, clinical, and ethical issues such as additive side effects, interactions, threshold for adding second drug, appropriate target measures, and (for studies) timing of randomization. One challenging area for treatment is severe child aggression. Com

Atmospheric pressure glow discharge mass spectrometry was used to characterize the active ingredients in pharmaceutical over-the-counter (OTC) drug formulations (Tylenol Allergy, Alka-Seltzer Plus Nighttime, Sudafed, Aleve and Mucinex DM) and drugs of abuse (crack cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy) and hydrocodone). Material was desorbed and directly ionized under atmospheric conditions by allowing the substance to come in direct contact with the plasma followed by mass spectrometric detection. With this technique, controlled substances and OTC medications were readily distinguished from one another. Characteristic mass spectra were identified for the active ingredients in the OTC and drugs of abuse. Importantly, all drug compounds studied here, both OTC and illicit, demonstrated signals for either molecular ions or protonated molecules as well as fragmentation patterns that are readily identified in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) electron ionization

Pain syndromes are common in HIV-infected patients, who also are commonly affected by opioid-use disorders. Although opioids can treat pain, prescribers must consider the consequences of iatrogenic or missed addiction diagnoses.|In an anonymous online survey, we asked a national sample of HIV providers about their demographics, experience, and patients, and their practices and attitudes about chronic opioid therapy, addiction, and confidence recognizing opioid analgesic abuse.|One hundred six providers reported 28% of their patients had chronic pain; 21% received opioid analgesics; 37% were HIV infected by injecting drug use; and 12% were addicted to prescription opioids. Few providers followed recommended guidelines for chronic opioid therapy in nonmalignant pain. Mean provider confidence was 6.3 on a scale of 10. Higher confidence was associated with provider sex (P < 0.05), patient volume (P < 0.03), discussing substance use, (P < 0.05), urine toxicology (P < 0.01), prescribing

Substance misuse has been a major source of health and social problems in developing societies as it has been elsewhere. There is a growing body of evidence from developed nations linking early exposure to violence in childhood with substance misuse in adulthood. The role of depression on this association is not clear. This study estimates the association between early life exposure to violence, alcohol disorders and illegal substance use in adulthood and the role of depression on these associations using a national Brazilian sample.|The first Brazilian National Alcohol Survey gathered information on early exposure to violence and use of psychoactive substances in 1880 participants aged 20 to 60 years old selected at random from the Brazilian household population. We used weighted logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios for the associations between early exposure to violence and substance misuse. To assess the mediating effect of depression on these associations we used

In this issue, Gideon Koren and colleagues review the maternal and child health implications of drug-residue testing in maternal and neonatal hair and testing for drugs in meconium. Since the 1990s, these methods have been used to varying degrees in clinical practice, but recent technological advances have increased their accuracy and usability in the clinical setting. Compared with self-reported maternal use, drug-residue testing in hair and testing for drugs in meconium are more reliable methods for detecting drug and alcohol exposure during pregnancy. These methods can also provide insights into patterns of use and abuse of these substances.

An estimated 56,000 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections occur each year in the United States. Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for 53% of the estimated incident infections, and surveillance data suggest that the annual number of new HIV infections among MSM has been rising since the mid-1990s. Strategies for reducing acquisition of HIV infection by MSM have included 1) expanded HIV testing so that infected persons can be treated and their risk for transmitting infection minimized; 2) individual, small-group, and community-level behavioral interventions to reduce risk behaviors; 3) promotion of condom use; 4) detection and treatment of sexually transmitted infections; and 5) mental health and substance abuse counseling when needed. On November 23, 2010, investigators for the Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Initiative (iPrEX) study announced results from a multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trial of daily oral antiretrovirals

Screening and ongoing assessment for substance use.

Pediatricians abstract COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE ABUSEKEY WORDS As a component of comprehensive pediatric care, adolescents should alcohol, screening, SBIRT, substance abuse receive appropriate guidance regarding substance use during routine

The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services 2010 - 2011 Recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services 2010 - 2011 Recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. The recommendation