Substance Abuse Detection

disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and suicidal behavior (For adolescents and young adults, the effects of physical and sexual assault are associated with poor self-esteem, alcohol and drug abuse, eating ... The USPSTF found inadequate

The aim of this paper was to delineate the impact of gender on premorbid history, onset, and 18 month outcomes of first episode psychotic mania (FEPM) patients.|The aim of this paper was to delineate the impact of gender on premorbid history, onset, and 18 month outcomes of first episode psychotic mania (FEPM) patients.

AbstractObjective To investigate cognitive function and other risk factors for mild traumatic brain injury in young men.Design Nationwide prospective cohort study.Setting Sweden.Participants 305885 men conscripted for military service from 1989 to 1994.Main outcome measure mild traumatic brain injuries in relation to cognitive function and other potential risk factors assessed at conscription and follow-up.Results Men with one mild traumatic brain injury within two years before (n=1988) or after cognit

Detection of various psychiatric conditions is increased with structured interviews ( 4), and use of measures can reduce psychiatric inpatient days and service costs ( 5). ... monitor patients for affective, anxiety, psychotic, and cognitive ( for example

Despite high rates of self-reported crime victimisation, no study to date has compared official victimisation records of people with severe mental illness with a random community sample. Accordingly, this study sought to determine whether persons with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders have higher rates of recorded victimisation than the general population, and to explore whether there have been changes in rates of recorded victimisation over a period of deinstitutionalisation.|Despite high rates of self-rep

Approximately 5% of strokes occur in adults aged 18 to 44 years. Substance abuse is a prevalent risk factor for stroke in young adults. We sought to identify trends in substance abuse detection among stroke patients.|Using a population-based design, we sought to identify all patients aged 18 to 54 years experiencing a stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) in the Greater Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky Study region during 1993 to 1994, 1999, and 2005. Demographic and clinical characteristics and substance use data were obtained retrospectively from chart review and adjudicated by physicians.|The number of young patients identified with a stroke increased from 1993 to 1994 (297) to 2005 (501). Blacks (61% vs 51%; P<0.02) and men (61% vs 47%; P<0.002) reported substance abuse (current smoking, alcohol, or illegal drug use) more frequently than did whites and women. Overall use of substances increased across study periods, 45% in 1993 versus 62% in 2005 (P=0.003). The trend was significant

Chronology of important historical events in Bosnia and Herzegovina during past two centuries indirectly influenced the incidence and prevalence of different psychoactive substances use and thus the organization of services for the treatment of persons who develop addiction symptoms. The organization of health system in the last war, 1992-1995, suffered enormous damage and the reform process which inevitably followed, included the area of mental health care services and the establishment of network of centers for mental health in the community (CMHC). The centers are functioning within the primary health care almost in whole country, with specialized centers for the prevention and treatment of addicts and the therapeutic communities, which today represents the basic organizational units to help people who have drug related issues. In this paper we will present the possibility of treatment of drug addicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from consulting services, psycho-education and early

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a common cause of intellectual impairment and birth defects. More recently, prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been found to be a risk factor for fetal mortality, stillbirth and infant and child mortality. This has led to increased concern about detection and management of PAE. One to 2h after maternal ingestion, fetal blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) reach levels nearly equivalent to maternal levels. Ethanol elimination by the fetus is impaired because of reduced metabolic capacity. Fetal exposure time is prolonged owing to the reuptake of amniotic-fluid containing ethanol by the fetus. Alcohol elimination from the fetus relies on the mother's metabolic capacity. Metabolic capacity among pregnant women varies eightfold (from 0.0025 to 0.02gdl(-1) h(-1)), which may help explain how similar amounts of ethanol consumption during pregnancy results in widely varying phenotypic presentations of FASD. At birth physiological

Suicidality, including deliberate self-harm behaviour (DSH), represents one of the most adverse and clinically serious consequences of depression. More detailed longitudinal research is needed in order to find clinical risk factors of DSH and other suicidal behaviour among depressed adolescent outpatients in order to identify those at greatest risk of life-threatening behaviour.|This follow-up study investigated alcohol use, Axis I comorbid disorders, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and psychosocial functioning as risk factors of suicidal behaviour, including DSH, among depressed adolescent outpatients during a 1-year follow-up.|Consecutive depressed adolescent outpatients (n = 189) aged 13-19 years were interviewed at baseline and at follow-up by using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children-Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) for DSM-IV Axis I diagnoses and self-report questionnaires. Suicidal behaviour was assessed by K-SADS suicidality

HIV infection is associated with an increased prevalence of common mental disorders and with the development of HIV associated neurological disorders (HAND). The aim of this research was to determine the reliability of lay adherence counsellors in the administration of the substance abuse and mental illness symptom screener (SAMISS) for common mental disorders and International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) for HAND in a South African sample of 269 people living with HIV/AIDS and on HAART in a primary healthcare setting. We used a cross-sectional design with each patient assessed by a mental health nurse and counsellor, 1 week apart. Reliability was fair for the SAMISS overall ( = 0.39, CI(95) 0.29-0.49, P < 0.01), but was higher for the substance abuse component compared to the mental illness component. Reliability for the IHDS between counsellors and nurses was slight ( = 0.11, CI(95) 0.00-0.27, P < 0.02). Counsellors tended not to miss symptoms, and detected symptoms more often

Reviews the evidence for and against hundreds of preventive health services, recommending tests, and counseling interventions when evidence exists that it is effective.

Reviews the evidence for and against hundreds of preventive health services, recommending tests, and counseling interventions when evidence exists that it is effective.

Dr Alice Ordean received funding from National Institute on Drug Abuse grant R01 DA015741. ... Recommendations 1. All pregnant women and women of childbearing age should be screened periodically for alcohol, tobacco, and prescription and illicit drug use.