
In Defense of ECT
Research data shows that ECT is often more effective than alternative treatments, and safe too.
Editorial note: the April issue of Psychiatric TimesTM included a Point/Counterpoint feature on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). You can read the introductory essay, “Electroconvulsive Therapy: Obsolete and Dangerous or Still Just Misunderstood?” by Horacio A. Capote, MD,
The authors of the
I would also like to thank Sarah Hancock, MS, CRC, Sue Cunliffe, MBchB, RCPCH, John Read, PhD for responding to my article “
Their objections to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are primarily focused on the cognitive side effects, which they feel are caused by ECT-induced brain damage, and methodologic issues with studies supporting the efficacy of ECT. The main problem with their critique is that they appear to misinterpret the statistics they are presenting.
For example, when they discussed the findings of Peltzman and colleagues, they reported that the study found that ECT patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) were 1.3 times more likely to die by suicide than
My previous response to the question of whether ECT causes brain damage has already highlighted the findings and conclusions of Gbyl and Videbech, who reviewed 32 imaging studies of ECT with a total of 467 patients and 285 controls. They reported that none of the studies they reviewed found evidence of
In addition to failing to present a balanced interpretation of the safety data for ECT, Hancock and colleagues ignore converging lines of evidence that support the efficacy of ECT. For example, they reject a study such as that published by Helle and colleagues, for lack of a
Most importantly, we should not forget that the treatment options for individuals afflicted with severe depression, many of whom actively contemplate suicide frequently, are limited. Hancock and colleagues should apply balanced, rigorous scientific scrutiny to the available data before they advocate against ECT. Their analysis to date has not met that standard.
Dr Henry is the head of ECT and lecturer on psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital. He receives salary support from a National Institutes of Health grant on ECT.
References
1. Henry ME. ECT: an effective and safe treatment. Psychiatric Times. 2021;38(4):4,7.
2. Peltzman T, Gottlieb DJ, Shiner B, Riblet N, Watts BV. Electroconvulsive Therapy in Veterans Health Administration Hospitals: Prevalence, Patterns of Use, and Patient Characteristics. J ECT. 2020;36(2):130-136.
3. Peltzman T, Shiner B, Watts BV. Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Short-Term Suicide Mortality in a Risk-Matched Patient Population. J ECT. 2020;36(3):187-192.
4. Duma A, Maleczek M, Panjikaran B, Herkner H, Karrison T, Nagele P. Major Adverse Cardiac Events and Mortality Associated with Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(1):83-91.
5. Gbyl K, Videbech P. Electroconvulsive therapy increases brain volume in major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2018;138(3):180-195.
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9. Perugi G, Medda P, Toni C, et al. The role of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in bipolar disorder: effectiveness in 522 patients with bipolar depression, mixed-state, mania and catatonic features. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017;15(3):359-371.
10. Tohen M, Vieta E, Calabrese J, et al. Efficacy of olanzapine and olanzapine-fluoxetine combination in the treatment of bipolar I depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(11):1079-1088.
11. Bahji A, Ermacora D, Stephenson C, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive pharmacotherapies for acute bipolar depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Can J Psychiatry. 2021;66(3):274-288.
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