Rethink “treatment-resistant depression” by adopting difficult-to-treat depression, verifying adequate trials, and stratifying drivers like trauma and inflammation to improve outcomes.
Andrew A. Nierenberg, MD, explains how a learning health network helps clinicians measure outcomes and redesign bipolar disorder care together with patients.
Vortioxetine eases depression in older adults, while cognitive gains stay mixed—showing selective boosts in attention and processing speed, not consistent global improvement.