Charles Montano, MD; Carmen Kosicek, MSN, PMHNP-BC; and Gus Alva, MD, DFAPA, review the impact of the duration of MDD episodes and goals of managing episode recurrences.
Rethink “treatment-resistant depression” by adopting difficult-to-treat depression, verifying adequate trials, and stratifying drivers like trauma and inflammation to improve outcomes.
Vortioxetine eases depression in older adults, while cognitive gains stay mixed—showing selective boosts in attention and processing speed, not consistent global improvement.