is head of the OECD New Approaches to Economic Challenges Unit.

William Hynes, DPhil

Global society is faced with interrelated challenges that are complex, systemic, and dynamic from climate change, population displacement, famine, productivity slowdown, and mis- and dis-information to cyber exploitation, mental health crisis epidemics, aging and dementia, COVID-19-related losses, and fraying trust in social and political institutions.

 of neuroscientists, medical doctors, and economists came together to develop new concepts, ideas, and tools to use brain science to tackle some of society’s most pressing problems. A seminal paper outlining their preliminary thinking on brain capital was published in January 2021.

 The agenda has significantly advanced since through deeper, transdisciplinary research and narratives; broader academic, business, and policy networks; and refined measurement to guide all stakeholders and monitor progress. The 

Each of us possesses a complex system—the brain—which is implicated in the emergence, propagation, aggravation, and potential resolution of these challenges. To address these issues, a neuropolitical approach that considers brain capacity as a crucial asset is needed. The insights can be translated into policy, business practices, and civil society advocacy. In response to the urgent needs, a group of researchers and policymakers developed the concept of brain capital.

Brain capital is based on the position that brains are the world’s most important resource and the means by which all problems will be solved, ameliorated, or worsened. The brain capital framework acknowledges the importance of every brain and the corresponding need for brain diversity to achieve equity in solving global issues. Brain capital is a framework incorporating brain health and brain skills in the knowledge economy. In an era that is dependent on intellectual capacity, our brains are our greatest asset. Brain capital provides an approach to define brain issues, quantify them, and track them. Brain preservation and enhancement is critical to advancing brain capital, which can be driven into local, national, and international policies and investments.

Despite the fundamental importance of brain health and brain skills, these factors are often overlooked in policy-making and are not well-reflected in measures of human capital.

 Brain capital differs from human capital in its recognition of the unique role that brain health and brain skills play in human civilization. Unlike human capital measures, which look at broad educational and health metrics, brain capital encompasses and measures brain health as well as society-  and economy-critical variables such as collective confidence, social trust, and shared values and goals. These key social processes in turn depend on critical aspects of individual human functioning such as perceived control, confidence, ability to work collectively, problem-solving capacity, and values-driven goals. It also differs from human capital in its encompassing and measurement of economy-shaping brain health measures such as addiction, depression, anxiety, brain fog, loneliness, and dementia.

There is a range of notable achievements of brain capital in the past 18 months, including new initiatives, expanded partnerships, and more outreach and influence. These are interlocking and mutually reinforcing.

The Organisation of Economic Collaboration and Development (OECD) established the Neuroscience-inspired Policy Initiative in collaboration with the PRODEO Institute.

 Consultations have been held with the United National Development Programme and the World Health Organization (WHO). The OECD NIPI supported the European Brain Initiative in collaboration with EBRAINS, French EU Presidency, the European Commission, the WHO, scientific societies, patient organizations, and health professionals.

 The Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute appointed a senior fellow for brain capital.

 A new chair of excellence in brain capital will be established as part of the recently funded PEPR ProPsy, a project to develop precision psychiatry in France.

 and the Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat)

 both launched brain capital summer courses, respectively.

Brain capital also received notable mentions in 2 US Congressional presentations in front of the Congressional Neuroscience Caucus

 and the US House Select Committee on Economic Disparity and Fairness in Growth.

 There has been engagement with major think tanks including the Center for European Policy Studies

Two working groups were also established. The 

 aims to formalize the field of brain health diplomacy

 and to develop a brain health diplomat toolkit. Working group members include former US State Department official Virginia Bennett and former US Representative Patrick J. Kennedy (D-RI). The 

 aims to quantify and track brain capital and is constituted by economists, neuroscientists, and physicians. This is seen as a critical project and will subserve future policy innovations.

Additional notable achievements for the brain capital agenda are outlined in the 

 Notable Achievements for the Brain Capital Agenda

Most recently, the Brain Capital Alliance, a public-private-people partnership, was launched via a series of events in Europe.

 The alliance aims to advance approaches to measurement, investment, and policy and will further integrate brain capital into policy agendas including productivity, climate change, political stability, gender equality, and neurotechnology. The alliance will raise awareness among public and private leaders for neuroscience-related issues across the life span, from early childhood development to youth resilience and brain reserve, to reduce the risk of cognitive decline in older adults.

The Brain Capital Dashboard will be refined and leveraged in policy discussions. Specific research labs will be developed to experiment at different scales and will be applied to real world problems such as micro-plastic pollution, the youth mental health crisis, caregiver distress, and disinformation. These platforms will improve the statistical bases and analytical foundation to guide decisions and assess progress. Novel financial instruments will also be explored to unlock additional funding for building brain capital such as bonds, venture capital, and exchange traded funds.

The alliance is seeking interested supporters, collaborators, and partners to accelerate this work.

As we look toward the future, it is imperative that brain capital continues to be developed and integrated into policy, business, and society. To sustainably solve the most pressing global challenges, we must place brain capital at the heart of solutions. We must develop ways to use brain science to overcome the most difficult, seemingly intractable global problems.

is the lead of the Brain Capital Alliance, co-lead of the OECD NIPI and Senior Fellow with the Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute. Eyre maintains advisory or adjunct roles with IMPACT at Deakin University, the Heka Fund, Brain Health Nexus at Cohen Veterans Bioscience, GBHI, Baylor College of Medicine, BrainLat, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, the Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative, and the Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association (EMEA).

is an associate fellow at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies.

is the director of the IMPACT Institute at Deakin University.

is an Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute, a Thiel Fellow at Stanford University, and a Steering Committee member for the OECD Neuroscience-inspired Policy Initiative. 

is theJoy Chambers-Grundy Professor of Brain Science

director of the Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience

and co-director of the Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory

A brain capital grand strategy: toward economic reimagination

2. Angrist N, Djankov S, Goldberg PK, Patrinos HA. 

Measuring human capital using global learning data

3. Neuroscience-inspired Policy Initiative. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Accessed August 22, 2022. 

4. Towards a European brain initiative. EBRAINS. Accessed August 22, 2022. 

https://www.ebrains.eu/news/Towards-a-European-Brain-Initiative/

5. Harris Eyre, MBBS, PhD: senior fellow for brain capital. Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute. Accessed August 22, 2022. 

6. Brain Capital Alliance launches to accelerate agenda for change. Newsmatics Inc. News release. July 17, 2022. Accessed August 22, 2022. 

https://www.einnews.com/pr_news/581691203/brain-capital-alliance-launches-to-accelerate-agenda-for-change

7. Brain capital continues to advance. Global Brain Health Institute. September 7, 2022. Accessed September 8, 2022. 

https://www.gbhi.org/news-publications/brain-capital-continues-advance

8. Bär N. Políticas públicas y neurociencia, la deuda con la salud cerebral. 

. September 1, 2022. Accessed September 7, 2022. 

https://www.eldestapeweb.com/sociedad/salud/politicas-publicas-y-neurociencia-la-deuda-con-la-salud-cerebral-2022910526?utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Twitter#Echobox=1662030318

9. Improving brain health and reducing the scale and impact of dementia worldwide. Global Brain Health Institute. Accessed August 22, 2022. 

10. Congressional Neuroscience Caucus Briefing long haul neurological & psychological impacts of COVID19. American Brain Coalition on YouTube. May 18, 2022. Accessed August 22, 2022. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdUwKIHccFE

11. Graham C. Addressing America’s crisis of despair and economic recovery: a call for a coordinated effort. Testimony to the House Select Committee on Economic Disparity and Fairness in Growth. September 28, 2021. Accessed August 22, 2022. 

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Carol-Graham-Testimony-Sept-28-2021.pdf

12. Launch event of the Brain Capital Alliance: towards a person-centered approach to brain health. CEPS Think Tank on YouTube. July 4, 2022. Accessed August 22, 2022. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mo2dASiMrd4

13. Dawson WD, Graham C, Smith E, et al. Build brains better: a proposal for a White House brain capital council to accelerate post-COVID recovery and resilience. The Brookings Institute. December 22, 2021. Accessed August 22, 2022. 

https://www.brookings.edu/research/build-brains-better-a-proposal-for-a-white-house-brain-capital-council-to-accelerate-post-covid-recovery-and-resilience/

14. Dawson WD, Bobrow K, Ibanez A, et al. 

The necessity of diplomacy in brain health

Articles

A transdisciplinary team summarizes key points and reflections after 18 months of activity.

Advancing Brain Capital: Achievements, Lessons, and Next Steps

President Biden’s first State of the Union Address

, he announced a strategy to address the national mental health crisis, which critically includes expanding focus on youth mental health.

 Additionally, in December 2021, the United States Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, MD, MBA, issued a 

 on the urgent need to address the nation’s youth mental health crisis.

 Advisories are reserved for significant public health challenges and have priorly included advisories on opiates and smoking. The recent Surgeon General’s Advisory calls for immediate and coordinated responses to prevent youth mental health from becoming a second pandemic.

While youth have been relatively protected from the lethality of the COVID-19 virus itself, they have been more vulnerable to the psychological impact. Additionally, unlike other physical health conditions, 

three-quarters of mental health disorders

 The combination of these dynamics has created conditions ripe for a secondary pandemic for youth. Similar to the lack of preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic, we are not prepared to face this second threat. In fact, we were failing, as suicide, depression, and addiction among American youth were at all-time highs before the pandemic worsened them further. For example, at least 4.1 million adolescents—

—had at least 1 major depressive episode in 2020.

Mental health challenges have been particularly hard on young women and youth of color. The pandemic has directly correlated with an 

 in emergency room visits by adolescent girls and young women for suicide, rates of need have grown faster for Black and Hispanic youth, and Black and Hispanic children have experienced grief due to the loss of a parent at rates many times higher than White children.

However, unlike in the early days of COVID-19, there is existing guidance on what to do for youth mental health—guidance that we have too long failed to invest in commensurate with the need. Treatments—including psychotherapy, medication, and care coordination—have been robustly validated and proven safe. Prevention across development phases has also been found to be effective. Youth can also help each other, as social support is an especially beneficial intervention. Additionally, as 7-year-old 

, one of the youngest-ever TED speakers, clearly articulated, we must likewise 

prioritize young children’s healthy brain development

 during the 0- to 5-years-old period, preventing further mental and brain health disorders across the lifespan.

Improving access to screening, detection, and early intervention for children and adolescents is key. Signed into law in mid-2019, 

the Texas Child Mental Health Care Consortium (TCMHCC)

 was formed with the state’s 12 publicly funded medical schools.

 TCMHCC is funded with $118.5 million in state funds to provide universal access to child psychiatry consultation in primary care through the Child Psychiatry Access Network (CPAN), urgent access to psychiatric telehealth care and referrals in Texas schools through the Texas Child Health Access Through Telemedicine (TCHATT) program, and expansion of workforce training and the public psychiatry workforce more broadly. Launched in May 2020, TCMHCC engaged 5000 pediatric primary care providers in CPAN and reached nearly 1.7 million Texas students through TCHATT in less than a year, including 12.5% Black and 34% Latino students—numbers proportionate to the broader child population of Texas. TCMHC provides an infrastructure that can be scaled up or down as needs change. The Texas legislature just took advantage of this by adding $113 million in American Rescue Act funds to ramp up all these programs in response to the ongoing mental health surge.

 over a 5-year period to youth mental health to build capacity for prevention and treatment, help schools cope with the demand, and support families.

 Scaling up investments and sharing best practices between states are key to addressing this national issue.

All the programs mentioned are helping children, young adults, families, and schools across the country cope with the growing youth mental health pandemic. As these initiatives demonstrate, youth mental health is more than health care. Just like all health conditions, mental health is shaped by a variety of factors, including genetics, brain chemistry, trauma and violence, social connections, neighborhood safety, access to food, larger social and economic policies, and more. As such, the recent Surgeon General’s Advisory provides recommendations on how to improve youth mental health to a variety of stakeholders including families, educators, health professionals, entertainment organizations, technology companies, governments, communities, funders, and others.

Students’ ability to engage and connect with their schools is critical to improving emotional well-being and enhancing learning outcomes. Young people must also be directly involved with designing solutions to address the youth mental health crisis. Already, youth are speaking up about their mental health challenges and leading change. 

, ranging from starting nonprofits to campaigning for policies to developing apps, have led to reduced stigma and increased access to care for mental health. It is imperative that government policies, technological solutions, and other initiatives that address youth mental health are designed with young people—not for them.

The youth mental health crisis is a public health imperative with enormous implications for America’s future. Our actions now will determine the future trajectory of our nation and have the potential to prevent a second pandemic. Investing in our youth by building our nation’s human capital, or rather 

, is an ongoing process. Addressing the youth mental health crisis is not only a medical and moral imperative, but it is also key to ensuring we have the next generation of leaders needed to build a prosperous future for our nation and world. As Murthy urges in the 

, by addressing the youth mental health crisis, we have an opportunity to “step up for our children and their families” and “lay the foundation for a healthier, more resilient, and more fulfilled nation.”

 It is this future that we must build together.

 is an Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute.

 is president of the healthcare division of Higher Ed International.

 is president and chief executive officer of the Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute. 

is head of the OECD New Approaches to Economic Challenges Unit. 

 is co-lead of the OECD-PRODEO Institute Neuroscience-inspired Policy Initiative supported by Meadows Institute.

1. Remarks of President Joe Biden – State of the Union Address as prepared for delivery. March 1, 2022. Accessed April 12, 2022. 

https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2022/03/01/remarks-of-president-joe-biden-state-of-the-union-address-as-delivered/

2. Protecting youth mental health: the U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory. 2021. Accessed April 12, 2022. 

https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-youth-mental-health-advisory.pdf

3. Kessler RC, Amminger GP, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, et al. 

Age of onset of mental disorders: a review of recent literature.

4. Major depression. National Institute of Mental Health. January 2022. Accessed April 12, 2022. 

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression

5. Yard E, Radhakrishnan L, Ballesteros MF, et al. 

Emergency department visits for suspected suicide attempts among persons aged 12-25 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic - United States, January 2019-May 2021.

6. Wright M, TED and Minderoo Foundation. How every child can thrive by five. July 2021. Accessed Arpil 12, 2022. 

https://www.ted.com/talks/molly_wright_how_every_child_can_thrive_by_five?language=en

7. Texas Child Mental Health Care Consortium. 2022. Accessed April 12, 2022. 

8. Wiener J. When children suffer: California to funnel billions into mental health overhaul. March 17, 2022. Accessed April 12, 2022. 

https://calmatters.org/health/2022/03/california-children-mental-health-crisis/

We must prioritize youth mental health for a flourishing and resilient American future.

Building a Resilient Future: Addressing Youth Mental Health

Violence against women, which can result in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other acquired brain injuries (ABIs), intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive and long-term strategy is required to address this issue and to ensure the mental well-being of women.

In July 2021, social media influencer Gabby Petito and her fiancé, Brian Laundrie, embarked on a cross-country road trip captured on Instagram and YouTube.

 In September, Laundrie returned—alone. Weeks later, Petito’s remains were found. It was determined that she died from strangulation, and her case opened a national conversation about intimate partner violence (IPV).

Tragically, Petito’s case is just 1 of many. There has been an increase in IPV, illuminating a shadow pandemic within the 

 Even before COVID-19, 1 in 3 women (approximately 1.27 billion women worldwide) experienced IPV.

 Further, more than one-third (30,000) of the women killed in 2017 in the US died at the hands of their current or former intimate partner.

 In 2020, calls to helplines increased 5-fold in some countries.

 In some nations, there has been a 300% increase in police reports of IPV, likely fueled by COVID-19 mitigation strategies.

 UN Women projected that an additional 15 million women would be affected by IPV for every 3 months of lockdown.

The neurological consequences and IPV-related ABIs, including TBI, are devastating. Despite recent increased focus on sports-related TBI, little attention has been paid to TBI resulting from IPV.

 Yet, up to 90% of IPV survivors report head, neck, and facial injuries, which can result in TBI.

 One study found that 74% of the women who experienced IPV sustained at least 1 IPV-related TBI and 51% suffered repetitive IPV-related TBIs.

 The study also found higher brain injury scores were negatively associated with memory, learning, and cognitive flexibility and positively associated with a number of measures of psychological distress.

IPV-related ABI also includes nontraumatic brain injuries. Research has shown that 1 in 10 women has been choked by an intimate partner,

 with long-term implications. Plus, prior nonfatal strangulation has been associated with greater than 6-fold odds of becoming a victim of attempted homicide and more than 7-fold odds of becoming a victim of completed homicide.

 The high-profile strangulation homicide of Petito underscores femicide in IPV, which remains commonplace.

In addition, women who experience IPV also are more likely to suffer from anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation, and other health problems that can last after the violence has ended.

There is also concern that repeated TBIs from IPV may result in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that cannot be diagnosed until postmortem.

 For instance, a 1990 report identified a case of a woman who apparently developed CTE from partner abuse.

 In 2021, during a postmortem examination of a young woman who died after a 

, immunohistochemical staining for phosphor-τ revealed evidence of CTE-type pathology.

 This marked the first case of CTE pathology in a young woman who experienced IPV. However, there remains a lack of research investigating the long-term neurological consequences; research is needed to understand the potential for misdiagnosis, nondiagnosis, or the development of 

 The latter is especially important because TBI has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for dementia.

The neurological effects of IPV extend to the family and remain underresearched. A recent Brain Injury Australia report found that of 16,000 survivors of family violence attending Victoria hospitals over a decade’s time, 2 in every 5 had suffered brain injury.

Further, nearly 1 in 3 of the survivors of family violence were children; of those, 1 in 4 had suffered a brain injury. Because this was not a study of IPV but of hospitalizations, it likely represents the tip of the iceberg. Another study across 5 domestic abuse shelters in Arizona found 9 in every 10 individuals reported a head injury with loss of consciousness from family violence in the preceding 12 months.

 Of those, 9 in 10 reported “too many head injuries to quantify.” Yet only 1 in 5 ever sought medical attention. Thus, community rates of IPV ABI remain radically underresearched.

Most domestic violence shelters and emergency department settings do not assess for TBI, nonfatal strangulation, or other brain injuries from IPV.

 Plus, many women do not seek medical care for their IPV-related ABI.

 However, even when women interact with health care and domestic violence advocates, there is a lack of training to adequately screen for and address IPV-related ABI.

Further, a study of women in prison found that 78% had significant head injury; 84% had experienced repeated head injury largely due to domestic abuse.

 are not adequately accounted for in the criminal justice system. The staggering number of women who have experienced abuse and are now in prison also further necessitates development of a trauma-informed criminal justice system.

IPV-related ABI adds yet another injustice to the brain health gap, which highlights and frames the sex and 

 in outcomes for brain health disorders across the life span, with strikingly negative outcomes for women.

 Research institutions are calling for more female participants in preclinical development of medications, clinical trials, and clinical practice, as well as the expansion of research designed to focus on culturally relevant experiences specific to individuals who identify as female. This will enable collection of more robust and representative data. Big data, real-world evidence, and precision medicine approaches should be used to respond to the call to action. Furthermore, investing in public health efforts is imperative to translate these data and perspectives into action. Women remain underrepresented in health care leadership, underlining the lack of gendered consideration in care. These efforts and initiatives are especially important for research, clinical care, and training related to IPV.

Likewise, the world is suffering a global brain capital collapse.

 Brain capital is a novel econometric asset that puts a premium on brain health and skills in our brain economy.

 This is a form of capital relevant to a complex, interconnected, and fragile global economy. Brain capital needs to be integral to a new narrative of growth and progress that puts individuals and their well-being, health, interaction with others, and psychological resilience at the center of our economic system. Female empowerment—which includes preventing and addressing violence against women and better identifying and caring for the neurological effects in survivors—is a public and brain health imperative as well as the most effective way to build brain capital globally.

Addressing gendered violence and related ABIs can be remedied by integrating the social, medical, political, policy, and diplomatic levels. Taking sex and gender into account—including structural and social determinants—is critical for equality in brain health and precision medicine. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) New Approaches to Economic Challenges Unit’s Neuroscience-inspired Policy Initiative (NIPI) seeks to tackle this issue.

 We aim to find new ways to reconceptualize and revitalize the economy and how it works, laying the groundwork to identify relevant metrics while building a transdisciplinary network of stakeholders. The effort draws on experts from medicine, neuroscience, gender analysis, economic policy, philanthropy, and business. The initiative will rapidly refine and advance women’s brain health via a series of research projects, seminars, and clear policy analyses and recommendations. We hope to help build a future in which al individuals are equipped with the support, resources, and care they need to thrive and in turn build a more resilient society and world.

is an Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) (at the University of California, San Francisco and Trinity College Dublin), a Thiel Fellow at Stanford University and Steering Committee member for NIPI (OECD, Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute and the PRODEO Institute). 

 is the CEO of Brain Injury Australia. Dr Valera is an associate professor in psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and a research scientist at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr Chadha ishead stakeholder, Engagement for Alzheimer disease at Biogen and Pro Bono CEO and cofounder of the Women’s Brain Project. 

is head of the OECD New Approaches to Economic Challenges Unit, senior advisor to the OECD secretary general and colead of OECD NIPI. 

is advisor to the chief of staff and gender advisor at OECD. 

is a senior clinical advisor for Cohen Veterans Bioscience’s trauma research programs. She serves as strategic advisor coleading CVB’s Suicide Strategy Initiative. 

is colead of OECD NIPI, strategic advisor to the HEKA Fund (Newfund Capital and Fondation FondaMental), steering committee member for the Brain Health Nexus at Cohen Veterans Bioscience, and holds adjunct roles with IMPACT at Deakin University, GBHI, and Baylor College of Medicine.

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. October 20, 2021. Accessed November 20, 2021. 

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/20/style/gabby-petito-case-tiktok-social-media.html

2. Santucci J. Gabby Petito was strangled. Experts say such an assault is a red flag for intimate partner homicides. 

 October 12, 2021. Updated October 13, 2021. Accessed November 20, 2021. 

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/10/12/gabby-petito-strangled-experts-say-its-common-intimate-partner-violence/8426282002/

A pandemic within a pandemic - intimate partner violence during Covid-19.

When pandemics clash: gendered violence-related traumatic brain injuries in women since COVID-19.

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Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization—national intimate partner and sexual violence survey, United States, 2011.

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https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/GSH2018/GSH18_Gender-related_killing_of_women_and_girls.pdf

7. Mlambo-Ngcuka P. Gender-based violence: we must flatten the curve of this shadow pandemic. November-December 2020. Accessed November 20, 2021. 

https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/november-december-2020/gender-based-violence-we-must-flatten-curve-shadow-pandemic

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Intimate partner violence and traumatic brain injury: state of the science and next steps.

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Interplay between traumatic brain injury and intimate partner violence: data driven analysis utilizing electronic health records.

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Non-fatal strangulation is an important risk factor for homicide of women.

Adult experience of mental health outcomes as a result of intimate partner violence victimisation: a systematic review.

Intimate partner violence, traumatic brain injury, and social work: moving forward

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Clinical presentation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: neurodegeneration following repetitive concussive and subconcussive brain trauma.

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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)-type neuropathology in a young victim of domestic abuse.

Evaluating spousal abuse as a potential risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: rationale, needs and challenges.

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Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission

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Traumatic brain injury in domestic violence victims: a retrospective study at the Barrow Neurological Institute.

Head trauma in a community-based sample of victims of intimate partner violence: prevalence, mechanisms of injury and symptom presentation.

 Published online May 15, 2021;8862605211016362.

Brain injury in women experiencing intimate partner-violence: neural mechanistic evidence of an “invisible” trauma.

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Violence against women and resulting traumatic brain injuries increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

William Hynes, DPhil

Articles

Advancing Brain Capital: Achievements, Lessons, and Next Steps

Building a Resilient Future: Addressing Youth Mental Health

Violence Against Women and Acquired Brain Injuries

Disinformation? There are Remedies for That

Brain Capital Foundry: Accelerating Responsible Innovation

Teleworking—A New Way of Working?